歡迎來到Spring DataSource JNDI Tomcat Example教程。之前，我們看到如何使用Spring JDBC整合來實現數據庫操作。然而，大多數情況下，企業應用程序部署在Tomcat、JBoss等Servlet容器中。
Spring DataSource
我們知道使用JNDI的DataSource是實現連接池並獲取容器實現優勢的首選方法。今天我們將看看如何配置Spring Web應用程序以使用Tomcat提供的JNDI連接。在我的例子中，我將使用MySQL數據庫服務器並創建一個帶有一些行的簡單表。我們將創建一個Spring Rest Web服務，它將返回包含表中所有數據列表的JSON響應。
數據庫設置
CREATE TABLE `Employee` (
`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`role` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `Employee` (`id`, `name`, `role`)
VALUES
(1, 'Pankaj', 'CEO'),
(2, 'David', 'Manager');
commit;
Spring DataSource MVC Project
在Spring Tool Suite中创建一个Spring MVC项目，以便我们的Spring应用程序骨架代码准备就绪。一旦我们完成了实现，我们的项目结构将如下图所示。
Spring JDBC和Jackson依赖
我们需要在pom.xml文件中添加Spring JDBC、Jackson和MySQL数据库驱动作为依赖项。我的最终pom.xml文件如下。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.journaldev.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringDataSource</artifactId>
<name>SpringDataSource</name>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<java-version>1.6</java-version>
<org.springframework-version>4.0.2.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
<org.aspectj-version>1.7.4</org.aspectj-version>
<org.slf4j-version>1.7.5</org.slf4j-version>
<jackson.databind-version>2.2.3</jackson.databind-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring JDBC Support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL Driver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.databind-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
<exclusions>
<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AspectJ -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.15</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
<artifactId>jms</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
<artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
<artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- @Inject -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
<version>1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.7</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9</version>
<configuration>
<additionalProjectnatures>
<projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
</additionalProjectnatures>
<additionalBuildcommands>
<buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
</additionalBuildcommands>
<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
<downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>org.test.int1.Main</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
如果您对Spring中的Rest不熟悉，请阅读Spring Restful Webservice Example。
模型类
我们的Employee bean是根据Employee表建模的，如下所示。
package com.journaldev.spring.jdbc.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Employee implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7788619177798333712L;
private int id;
private String name;
private String role;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getRole() {
return role;
}
public void setRole(String role) {
this.role = role;
}
}
Spring 控制器類別
我們簡單的控制器類別如下所示。
package com.journaldev.spring.jdbc.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.journaldev.spring.jdbc.model.Employee;
/**
* Handles requests for the Employee JDBC Service.
*/
@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EmployeeController.class);
@Autowired
@Qualifier("dbDataSource")
private DataSource dataSource;
public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/rest/emps", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody List getAllEmployees() {
logger.info("Start getAllEmployees.");
List empList = new ArrayList();
//JDBC 代碼 - 開始
String query = "select id, name, role from Employee";
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
List> empRows = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(query);
for(Map empRow : empRows){
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.setId(Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(empRow.get("id"))));
emp.setName(String.valueOf(empRow.get("name")));
emp.setRole(String.valueOf(empRow.get("role")));
empList.add(emp);
}
return empList;
}
}
有關控制器類別的重要點是：
- 數據源將通過Spring Bean配置與名稱dbDataSource連接。
- 我們使用JdbcTemplate來避免常見的錯誤，例如資源泄漏並刪除JDBC樣板代碼。
- 檢索員工列表的URI將是https://{host}:{port}/SpringDataSource/rest/emps
- 我們使用@ResponseBody將員工對象列表作為響應發送，Spring將負責將其轉換為JSON。
Spring Bean 配置
有兩種方法可以進行JNDI查找並將其連接到控制器數據源，我的Spring Bean配置文件包含了這兩種方法，但其中一種是被註釋的。您可以在這兩者之間切換，響應將保持不變。
- 使用jee命名空間標籤執行JNDI查找並將其配置為Spring Bean。在這種情況下，我們還需要包含jee命名空間和模式定義。
- 創建一個類型為
org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean的bean，通過傳遞JNDI上下文名稱。對於此配置，jndiName是一個必需的參數。
我的Spring bean配置文件如下所示。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:jee="https://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:beans="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.springframework.org/schema/jee https://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing
infrastructure -->
<!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
<annotation-driven />
<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving
up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
<resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources
in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
<beans:bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</beans:bean>
<!-- Configure to plugin JSON as request and response in method handler -->
<beans:bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
<beans:property name="messageConverters">
<beans:list>
<beans:ref bean="jsonMessageConverter" />
</beans:list>
</beans:property>
</beans:bean>
<!-- Configure bean to convert JSON to POJO and vice versa -->
<beans:bean id="jsonMessageConverter"
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
</beans:bean>
<!-- Create DataSource Bean -->
<beans:bean id="dbDataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
<beans:property name="jndiName" value="java:comp/env/jdbc/MyLocalDB"/>
</beans:bean>
<!-- using JEE namespace for lookup -->
<!--
<jee:jndi-lookup id="dbDataSource" jndi-name="jdbc/MyLocalDB"
expected-type="javax.sql.DataSource" />
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring.jdbc.controller" />
</beans:beans>
Tomcat數據源JNDI配置
現在我們已經完成了我們的項目，最後一部分是在Tomcat容器中進行JNDI配置以創建JNDI資源。
<Resource name="jdbc/TestDB"
global="jdbc/TestDB"
auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TestDB"
username="pankaj"
password="pankaj123"
maxActive="100"
maxIdle="20"
minIdle="5"
maxWait="10000"/>
在server.xml文件的GlobalNamingResources部分中添加上述配置。
<ResourceLink name="jdbc/MyLocalDB"
global="jdbc/TestDB"
auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource" />
我們還需要創建資源鏈接以在應用程序中使用JNDI配置，最好的方法是將其添加到server context.xml文件中。請注意，ResourceLink名稱應與我們在應用程序中使用的JNDI上下文名稱匹配。同樣，請確保MySQL jar存在於tomcat lib目錄中，否則tomcat將無法創建MySQL數據庫連接池。
運行Spring數據源JNDI示例項目
我們的項目和伺服器配置已完成，我們準備好進行測試。將項目導出為WAR文件並將其放置在Tomcat部署目錄中。Rest調用的JSON響應顯示在下圖中。 
這就是Spring集成與Servlet容器JNDI上下文的所有內容，從下面的鏈接下載示例項目並進行更多的操作以了解更多信息。
Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/spring-datasource-jndi-with-tomcat-example