Hibernate多對多映射 – 連接表

教學

Hibernate

今天我們將研究使用 XML 和注釋配置的 Hibernate 多對多映射。之前，我們已經看過如何在 Hibernate 中實現一對一和一對多映射。

Hibernate 多對多

多對多映射通常在數據庫中使用 聯合表 來實現。例如，我們可以有 Cart 和 Item 表，以及 Cart_Items 表用於多對多映射。每個購物車可以有多個商品，而每個商品可以屬於多個購物車，因此在這裡我們有一個多對多映射。

Hibernate 多對多映射數據庫設置

以下腳本可用於創建我們的多對多示例數據庫表，這些腳本適用於 MySQL 數據庫。如果您使用其他數據庫，您可能需要進行小幅更改以使其正常工作。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Cart_Items`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Cart`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `Item`;

CREATE TABLE `Cart` (
  `cart_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cart_total` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cart_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `Item` (
  `item_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `item_desc` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  `item_price` decimal(10,0) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`item_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `Cart_Items` (
  `cart_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `item_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cart_id`,`item_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_cart` FOREIGN KEY (`cart_id`) REFERENCES `Cart` (`cart_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_item` FOREIGN KEY (`item_id`) REFERENCES `Item` (`item_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

請注意，Cart_Items表格沒有任何額外的欄位，事實上，在多對多的映射表中添加額外的欄位並沒有太多意義。但如果您有額外的欄位，實現會稍微改變，我們將在另一篇文章中進行討論。下面的圖表顯示了這些表格之間的實體關係。我們的數據庫設置現在已經準備就緒，讓我們繼續創建Hibernate多對多映射項目。

Hibernate多對多映射項目結構

在Eclipse或您喜歡的IDE中創建一個maven項目，下面的圖像顯示了應用程序中的結構和不同組件。我們將首先研究基於XML的映射實現，然後轉到使用JPA註釋。

Hibernate Maven 依賴項

我們的最終 pom.xml 包含最新版本的 Hibernate 依賴項 4.3.5.Final 和 mysql 驅動程序依賴項。 pom.xml

<project xmlns="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.journaldev.hibernate</groupId>
	<artifactId>HibernateManyToManyMapping</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.5.Final</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.0.5</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

</project>

Hibernate 多對多 XML 配置模型類別

Cart.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Set;

public class Cart {

	private long id;
	private double total;

	private Set<Item> items;
	
	public double getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(double total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public Set<Item> getItems() {
		return items;
	}

	public void setItems(Set<Item> items) {
		this.items = items;
	}

}

Item.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Set;

public class Item {

	private long id;
	private double price;
	private String description;

	private Set<Cart> carts;
	
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}

	public void setDescription(String description) {
		this.description = description;
	}

	public Set<Cart> getCarts() {
		return carts;
	}

	public void setCarts(Set<Cart> carts) {
		this.carts = carts;
	}
}

注意，Cart 有一組 Item，而 Item 有一組 Cart，這樣我們就實現了雙向關聯。這意味著我們可以配置它在保存 Cart 時保存 Item，反之亦然。對於單向映射，通常我們在其中一個模型類別中設置。我們將使用註釋進行單向映射。

Hibernate 多對多映射 XML 配置

讓我們為 Cart 和 Item 創建 Hibernate 多對多映射 XML 配置文件。我們將實現雙向多對多映射。 cart.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"https://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.journaldev.hibernate.model">
	<class name="Cart" table="CART">
		<id name="id" type="long">
			<column name="cart_id" />
			<generator class="identity" />
		</id>
		<property name="total" type="double" column="cart_total" />

		<set name="items" table="CART_ITEMS" fetch="select" cascade="all">
			<key column="cart_id" />
			<many-to-many class="Item" column="item_id" />
		</set>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

注意，項目的集合映射到 CART_ITEMS 表。由於 Cart 是主要對象，cart_id 是鍵，並且 many-to-many 映射使用 Item 類別的 item_id 列。 item.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 
"https://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >

<hibernate-mapping package="com.journaldev.hibernate.model">

	<class name="Item" table="ITEM">
		<id name="id" type="long">
			<column name="item_id" />
			<generator class="identity" />
		</id>
		<property name="description" type="string" column="item_desc" />

		<property name="price" type="double" column="item_price" />

		<set name="carts" table="CART_ITEMS" fetch="select" cascade="all">
			<key column="item_id" />
			<many-to-many class="Cart" column="cart_id" />
		</set>

	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

從上面可以看出，映射非常類似於 Cart 映射配置。

基於 XML 的多對多映射的 Hibernate 配置

我們的 Hibernate 配置文件如下所示。 hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
		"https://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">pankaj123</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/TestDB</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">pankaj</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>

		<mapping resource="cart.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="item.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

基於 XML 的映射的 Hibernate SessionFactory 實用類

HibernateUtil.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class HibernateUtil {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;

	private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
		try {
			
// 從 hibernate.cfg.xml 創建 SessionFactory

			Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
			configuration.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
			System.out.println("Hibernate Configuration loaded");

			ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
					.applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).build();
			System.out.println("Hibernate serviceRegistry created");

			SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration
					.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);

			return sessionFactory;
		} catch (Throwable ex) {
			System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
			ex.printStackTrace();
			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
		}
	}

	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		if (sessionFactory == null)
			sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();
		return sessionFactory;
	}

}

這是一個簡單的實用類，作為 SessionFactory 的工廠。

基於 XML 的多對多映射的 Hibernate 配置測試程序

我們的hibernate多對多映射設置已經準備就緒，讓我們來測試一下。我們將編寫兩個程序，一個是保存購物車並查看項目和購物車項目信息是否也被保存。另一個是保存項目數據並檢查相應的購物車和購物車項目是否已保存。`HibernateManyToManyMain.java`

package com.journaldev.hibernate.main;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Cart;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Item;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.util.HibernateUtil;

public class HibernateManyToManyMain {
	
	//保存多對多，其中Cart是主要
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Item iphone = new Item();
		iphone.setPrice(100); iphone.setDescription("iPhone");
		
		Item ipod = new Item();
		ipod.setPrice(50); ipod.setDescription("iPod");
		
		Set items = new HashSet();
		items.add(iphone); items.add(ipod);
		
		Cart cart = new Cart();
		cart.setItems(items);
		cart.setTotal(150);
		
		Cart cart1 = new Cart();
		Set items1 = new HashSet();
		items1.add(iphone);
		cart1.setItems(items1);
		cart1.setTotal(100);
		
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
		try{
		sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(cart);
		session.save(cart1);
		System.out.println("Before committing transaction");
		tx.commit();
		sessionFactory.close();
		
		System.out.println("Cart ID="+cart.getId());
		System.out.println("Cart1 ID="+cart1.getId());
		System.out.println("Item1 ID="+iphone.getId());
		System.out.println("Item2 ID="+ipod.getId());
		
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(sessionFactory != null && !sessionFactory.isClosed()) sessionFactory.close();
		}
		
	}

}

當我們執行上述hibernate多對多映射示例程序時，我們得到以下輸出。

Hibernate Configuration loaded
Hibernate serviceRegistry created
Hibernate: insert into CART (cart_total) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART (cart_total) values (?)
Before committing transaction
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (cart_id, item_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (cart_id, item_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (cart_id, item_id) values (?, ?)
Cart ID=1
Cart1 ID=2
Item1 ID=1
Item2 ID=2

請注意，一旦通過第一個購物車保存了項目數據，項目ID就會生成，而在保存第二個購物車時，它不會再次保存。另一個重要的注意點是，在提交事務時保存了多對多連接表數據。這是為了更好的性能，以防我們選擇回滾事務。`HibernateBiDirectionalManyToManyMain.java`

package com.journaldev.hibernate.main;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Cart;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Item;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.util.HibernateUtil;

public class HibernateBiDirectionalManyToManyMain {

	//保存多對多，其中Item是主要
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Item iphone = new Item();
		iphone.setPrice(100); iphone.setDescription("iPhone");
		
		Item ipod = new Item();
		ipod.setPrice(50); ipod.setDescription("iPod");
		
		Cart cart = new Cart();
		cart.setTotal(150);
		
		Cart cart1 = new Cart();
		cart1.setTotal(100);
		
		Set cartSet = new HashSet();
		cartSet.add(cart);cartSet.add(cart1);
		
		Set cartSet1 = new HashSet();
		cartSet1.add(cart);
		
		iphone.setCarts(cartSet1);
		ipod.setCarts(cartSet);
		
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
		try{
		sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(iphone);
		session.save(ipod);
		tx.commit();
		sessionFactory.close();
		
		System.out.println("Cart ID="+cart.getId());
		System.out.println("Cart1 ID="+cart1.getId());
		System.out.println("Item1 ID="+iphone.getId());
		System.out.println("Item2 ID="+ipod.getId());
		
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(sessionFactory != null && !sessionFactory.isClosed()) sessionFactory.close();
		}
		
	}

}

上述程序的輸出是：

Hibernate Configuration loaded
Hibernate serviceRegistry created
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART (cart_total) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART (cart_total) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (item_id, cart_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (item_id, cart_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (item_id, cart_id) values (?, ?)
Cart ID=3
Cart1 ID=4
Item1 ID=3
Item2 ID=4

你可以輕鬆將其與之前的測試程序關聯起來，因為我們配置了雙向映射，我們可以保存項目或購物車，映射的數據將自動保存。

Hibernate多對多映射註釋

現在我們已經看到如何使用hibernate xml配置來配置多對多映射，讓我們通過註釋來實現一個例子。我們將使用JPA註釋實現單向多對多映射。

hibernate配置XML文件

我們基於註釋的hibernate配置文件如下所示。hibernate-annotation.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
		"https://hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">pankaj123</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/TestDB</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">pankaj</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

		<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>

		<mapping class="com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Cart1" />
		<mapping class="com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Item1" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

hibernate SessionFactory 實用類

我們創建SessionFactory的實用類如下。HibernateAnnotationUtil.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class HibernateAnnotationUtil {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	
	private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
        try {
            // 從hibernate-annotation.cfg.xml創建SessionFactory
        	Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        	configuration.configure("hibernate-annotation.cfg.xml");
        	System.out.println("Hibernate Annotation Configuration loaded");
        	
        	ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).build();
        	System.out.println("Hibernate Annotation serviceRegistry created");
        	
        	SessionFactory sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
        	
            return sessionFactory;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
            ex.printStackTrace();
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }
	
	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		if(sessionFactory == null) sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();
        return sessionFactory;
    }
}

hibernate多對多映射註釋模型類

這是基於註釋的映射的最重要部分，讓我們首先看一下Item表模型類，然後我們將查看Cart表模型類。Item1.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="ITEM")
public class Item1 {

	@Id
	@Column(name="item_id")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private long id;
	
	@Column(name="item_price")
	private double price;
	
	@Column(name="item_desc")
	private String description;
	
// Getter Setter方法
}

Item1類看起來很簡單，這裡沒有關聯映射。 Cart1.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "CART")
public class Cart1 {

	@Id
	@Column(name = "cart_id")
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private long id;

	@Column(name = "cart_total")
	private double total;

	@ManyToMany(targetEntity = Item1.class, cascade = { CascadeType.ALL })
	@JoinTable(name = "CART_ITEMS", 
				joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "cart_id") }, 
				inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "item_id") })
	private Set items;

//Getter Setter方法
}

這裡最重要的部分是使用了ManyToMany註釋和JoinTable註釋，我們在這裡提供了表名和用於多對多映射的列。

Hibernate多對多註釋映射測試程序

這是一個簡單的測試程序，用於我們的Hibernate多對多映射註釋配置。 HibernateManyToManyAnnotationMain.java

package com.journaldev.hibernate.main;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Cart1;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Item1;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.util.HibernateAnnotationUtil;

public class HibernateManyToManyAnnotationMain {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Item1 item1 = new Item1();
		item1.setDescription("samsung"); item1.setPrice(300);
		Item1 item2 = new Item1();
		item2.setDescription("nokia"); item2.setPrice(200);
		Cart1 cart = new Cart1();
		cart.setTotal(500);
		Set<Item1> items = new HashSet<Item1>();
		items.add(item1); items.add(item2);
		cart.setItems(items);
		
		SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
		try{
		sessionFactory = HibernateAnnotationUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
		session.save(cart);
		System.out.println("Before committing transaction");
		tx.commit();
		sessionFactory.close();
		
		System.out.println("Cart ID="+cart.getId());
		System.out.println("Item1 ID="+item1.getId());
		System.out.println("Item2 ID="+item2.getId());
		
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			if(sessionFactory != null && !sessionFactory.isClosed()) sessionFactory.close();
		}
	}

}

當我們執行上述程序時，它會生成以下輸出。

Hibernate Annotation Configuration loaded
Hibernate Annotation serviceRegistry created
Hibernate: insert into CART (cart_total) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into ITEM (item_desc, item_price) values (?, ?)
Before committing transaction
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (cart_id, item_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into CART_ITEMS (cart_id, item_id) values (?, ?)
Cart ID=5
Item1 ID=6
Item2 ID=5

很明顯，保存購物車也會將數據保存到Item和Cart_Items表中。如果只保存項目信息，您會注意到Cart和Cart_Items數據未保存。關於Hibernate多對多映射示例教程就是這些，您可以從下面的鏈接下載示例項目並進行更多的學習。

下載Hibernate多對多映射項目

Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/hibernate-many-to-many-mapping-join-tables