歡迎來到 Hibernate 標準查詢示例教程。今天我們將深入了解 Hibernate 中的標準查詢。
Hibernate 標準查詢
大多數情況下，我們使用 HQL 來查詢數據庫並獲取結果。HQL 不是首選的更新或刪除值的方式，因為那樣我們就需要注意表之間的任何關聯。Hibernate 標準查詢 API 提供了面向對象的方式來查詢數據庫並獲取結果。我們不能使用 Hibernate 中的標準查詢來運行更新或刪除查詢或任何 DDL 語句。Hibernate 標準查詢只用於使用面向對象的方式從數據庫中獲取結果。對於我的 Hibernate 標準查詢示例，我將使用與我的 HQL 示例 中相同的設置，並向您展示如何在 Hibernate 中使用標準查詢來查詢數據庫。Hibernate 標準查詢 API 的一些常見用法包括；
- Hibernate 標準查詢 API 提供了我們可以用於聚合函數的投影，如 sum()、min()、max() 等。
- Hibernate 標準查詢 API 可與
ProjectionList一起使用，僅提取所選列。 - 在Hibernate中，標準查詢可以通過連接多個表來進行連接查詢，Hibernate標準查詢的常用方法有createAlias()、setFetchMode()和setProjection()。
- Hibernate API中的標準查詢可以用於帶有條件的結果擷取，常用的方法是add()，我們可以在其中添加限制條件。
- Hibernate標準查詢API提供了addOrder()方法，我們可以用它來對結果進行排序。
下面的類展示了Hibernate標準查詢API的不同用法，其中大部分是HQL教程中的示例替代品。
package com.journaldev.hibernate.main;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.FetchMode;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;
import org.hibernate.criterion.ProjectionList;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Projections;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.model.Employee;
import com.journaldev.hibernate.util.HibernateUtil;
public class HibernateCriteriaExamples {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
//預先工作
SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//獲取所有員工
Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
List empList = criteria.list();
for(Employee emp : empList){
System.out.println("ID="+emp.getId()+", Zipcode="+emp.getAddress().getZipcode());
}
//通過ID獲取，創建新的標準查詢以刪除所有設置
criteria = session.createCriteria(Employee.class)
.add(Restrictions.eq("id", new Long(3)));
Employee emp = (Employee) criteria.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("Name=" + emp.getName() + ", City="
+ emp.getAddress().getCity());
//分頁示例
empList = session.createCriteria(Employee.class)
.addOrder(Order.desc("id"))
.setFirstResult(0)
.setMaxResults(2)
.list();
for(Employee emp4 : empList){
System.out.println("Paginated Employees::"+emp4.getId()+","+emp4.getAddress().getCity());
}
//模糊查詢示例
empList = session.createCriteria(Employee.class)
.add(Restrictions.like("name", "%i%"))
.list();
for(Employee emp4 : empList){
System.out.println("Employees having 'i' in name::"+emp4.getName()+","+emp4.getAddress().getCity());
}
//投影示例
long count = (Long) session.createCriteria(Employee.class)
.setProjection(Projections.rowCount())
.add(Restrictions.like("name", "%i%"))
.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("Number of employees with 'i' in name="+count);
//使用投影進行求和、最小值、最大值聚合函數示例
double sumSalary = (Double) session.createCriteria(Employee.class)
.setProjection(Projections.sum("salary"))
.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("Sum of Salaries="+sumSalary);
//選擇幾列的聯接示例
criteria = session.createCriteria(Employee.class, "employee");
criteria.setFetchMode("employee.address", FetchMode.JOIN);
criteria.createAlias("employee.address", "address"); // inner join by default
ProjectionList columns = Projections.projectionList()
.add(Projections.property("name"))
.add(Projections.property("address.city"));
criteria.setProjection(columns);
List list = criteria.list();
for(Object[] arr : list){
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}
//回滾事務以避免破壞測試數據
tx.commit();
//關閉Hibernate資源
sessionFactory.close();
}
}
當我們執行上述Hibernate標準查詢示例程序時，會得到以下輸出結果。
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.annotations.common.reflection.java.JavaReflectionManager <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.4.Final}
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.5.Final}
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment buildBytecodeProvider
INFO: HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration configure
INFO: HHH000043: Configuring from resource: hibernate.cfg.xml
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration getConfigurationInputStream
INFO: HHH000040: Configuration resource: hibernate.cfg.xml
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.internal.util.xml.DTDEntityResolver resolveEntity
WARN: HHH000223: Recognized obsolete hibernate namespace https://hibernate.sourceforge.net/. Use namespace https://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ instead. Refer to Hibernate 3.6 Migration Guide!
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration doConfigure
INFO: HHH000041: Configured SessionFactory: null
Hibernate Configuration loaded
Hibernate serviceRegistry created
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
WARN: HHH000402: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH000401: using driver [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver] at URL [jdbc:mysql://localhost/TestDB]
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH000046: Connection properties: {user=pankaj, password=****}
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl buildCreator
INFO: HHH000006: Autocommit mode: false
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
INFO: HHH000115: Hibernate connection pool size: 20 (min=1)
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LobCreatorBuilder useContextualLobCreation
INFO: HHH000423: Disabling contextual LOB creation as JDBC driver reported JDBC version [3] less than 4
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.TransactionFactoryInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000399: Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions)
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory <init>
INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Hibernate: select this_.emp_id as emp_id1_1_1_, this_.emp_name as emp_name2_1_1_, this_.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_1_, address2_.emp_id as emp_id1_0_0_, address2_.address_line1 as address_2_0_0_, address2_.city as city3_0_0_, address2_.zipcode as zipcode4_0_0_ from EMPLOYEE this_ left outer join ADDRESS address2_ on this_.emp_id=address2_.emp_id
ID=1, Zipcode=95129
ID=2, Zipcode=95051
ID=3, Zipcode=560100
ID=4, Zipcode=100100
Hibernate: select this_.emp_id as emp_id1_1_1_, this_.emp_name as emp_name2_1_1_, this_.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_1_, address2_.emp_id as emp_id1_0_0_, address2_.address_line1 as address_2_0_0_, address2_.city as city3_0_0_, address2_.zipcode as zipcode4_0_0_ from EMPLOYEE this_ left outer join ADDRESS address2_ on this_.emp_id=address2_.emp_id where this_.emp_id=?
Name=Lisa, City=Bangalore
Hibernate: select this_.emp_id as emp_id1_1_1_, this_.emp_name as emp_name2_1_1_, this_.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_1_, address2_.emp_id as emp_id1_0_0_, address2_.address_line1 as address_2_0_0_, address2_.city as city3_0_0_, address2_.zipcode as zipcode4_0_0_ from EMPLOYEE this_ left outer join ADDRESS address2_ on this_.emp_id=address2_.emp_id order by this_.emp_id desc limit ?
Paginated Employees::4,New Delhi
Paginated Employees::3,Bangalore
Hibernate: select this_.emp_id as emp_id1_1_1_, this_.emp_name as emp_name2_1_1_, this_.emp_salary as emp_sala3_1_1_, address2_.emp_id as emp_id1_0_0_, address2_.address_line1 as address_2_0_0_, address2_.city as city3_0_0_, address2_.zipcode as zipcode4_0_0_ from EMPLOYEE this_ left outer join ADDRESS address2_ on this_.emp_id=address2_.emp_id where this_.emp_name like ?
Employees having 'i' in name::David,Santa Clara
Employees having 'i' in name::Lisa,Bangalore
Hibernate: select count(*) as y0_ from EMPLOYEE this_ where this_.emp_name like ?
Number of employees with 'i' in name=2
Hibernate: select sum(this_.emp_salary) as y0_ from EMPLOYEE this_
Sum of Salaries=1000.0
Hibernate: select this_.emp_name as y0_, address1_.city as y1_ from EMPLOYEE this_ inner join ADDRESS address1_ on this_.emp_id=address1_.emp_id
[Pankaj, San Jose]
[David, Santa Clara]
[Lisa, Bangalore]
[Jack, New Delhi]
May 26, 2014 6:53:32 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl stop
INFO: HHH000030: Cleaning up connection pool [jdbc:mysql://localhost/TestDB]
由於我使用的是HQL示例項目，您需要導入該項目，然後添加這個類才能使其正常工作。注意輸出中執行的Hibernate查詢，這樣您就可以完善您的查詢並獲得您要查找的結果。這就是關於Hibernate中標準查詢的快速概述。
Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/hibernate-criteria-example-tutorial