Spring RestTemplate示例

Spring RestTemplate 提供了一种方便的方式来测试 RESTful web 服务。

  • Spring RestTemplate 类是 Spring 3 中引入的 spring-web 的一部分。
  • 我们可以使用 RestTemplate 来测试基于 HTTP 的 RESTful web 服务,它不支持 HTTPS 协议。
  • RestTemplate 类为不同的 HTTP 方法提供了 重载的 方法,如 GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 等。

让我们看一个Spring RestTemplate的例子,我们将测试在Spring Data JPA文章中创建的REST Web服务。下表说明了此REST Web服务支持的URI。

\[
\text{.tg} \{ \text{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;border-color:\#999;\}} \\
\text{.tg td}\{ \text{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;padding:10px 5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;word-break:normal;border-color:\#999;color:\#444;background-color:\#F7FDFA;\}} \\
\text{.tg th}\{ \text{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:normal;padding:10px 5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;word-break:normal;border-color:\#999;color:\#fff;background-color:\#26ADE4;\}} \\
\text{.tg .tg-baqh}\{\text{text-align:center;vertical-align:top}\} \\
\text{.tg .tg-yw4l}\{\text{vertical-align:top}\}
\]

URI HTTP Method Description
/springData/person GET Get all persons from database
/springData/person/{id} GET Get person by id
/springData/person POST Add person to database
/springData/person PUT Update person
/springData/person/{id} DELETE Delete person by id

让我们开始创建我们的Rest客户端项目来测试这些Web服务。下图显示了我们最终的Spring RestTemplate示例项目。

Spring RestTemplate Maven 依赖

我们需要spring-corespring-context依赖项来使用Spring框架。然后我们需要包含RestTemplate类的spring-web工件。我们还需要jackson-mapper-asl来支持Spring JSON通过Jackson API。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.journaldev.spring</groupId>
	<artifactId>SpringRestTemplate</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<properties>
		<spring.framework>4.3.0.RELEASE</spring.framework>
		<spring.web>3.0.2.RELEASE</spring.web>
		<serializer.version>2.8.1</serializer.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.framework}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.framework}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
			<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.4</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.web}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

Spring配置类

我们必须为RestTemplate类定义一个spring bean,这在AppConfig类中完成。

package com.journaldev.spring.config;

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.journaldev.spring")
public class AppConfig {

	@Bean
	RestTemplate restTemplate() {
		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
		MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter();
		converter.setObjectMapper(new ObjectMapper());
		restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(converter);
		return restTemplate;
	}
}

请注意,RestTamplate使用MessageConverter,我们需要在RestTemplate bean中设置这个属性。在我们的示例中,我们使用MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter来从JSON格式中获取数据。

模型类

由于我们正在尝试使用Jackson Mapper将Web服务返回的JSON转换为Java对象,我们必须为此创建模型类。请注意,这个模型类将与Web服务中使用的模型类非常相似,只是这里我们不需要JPA注解。

package com.journaldev.spring.model;

public class Person {

	private Long id;

	private Integer age;

	private String firstName;

	private String lastName;

	public Person() {
	}

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getFirstName() {
		return firstName;
	}

	public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
		this.firstName = firstName;
	}

	public String getLastName() {
		return lastName;
	}

	public void setLastName(String lastName) {
		this.lastName = lastName;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person{" + "id=" + id + ", age=" + age + ", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' + ", lastName='" + lastName
				+ '\'' + '}';
	}
}

Spring RestTemplate客户端类

最后一步是创建将使用上述定义的RestTemplate bean的客户端类。

package com.journaldev.spring.config;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import com.journaldev.spring.model.Person;

public interface PersonClient {
	List<Person> getAllPerson();

	Person getById(Long id);

	HttpStatus addPerson(Person person);

	void updatePerson(Person person);

	void deletePerson(Long id);
}
package com.journaldev.spring.config;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.journaldev.spring.model.Person;

@Service
public class PersonClientImpl implements PersonClient {

	@Autowired
	RestTemplate restTemplate;

	final String ROOT_URI = "https://localhost:8080/springData/person";

	public List<Person> getAllPerson() {
		ResponseEntity<Person[]> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(ROOT_URI, Person[].class);
		return Arrays.asList(response.getBody());

	}

	public Person getById(Long id) {
		ResponseEntity<Person> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(ROOT_URI + "/"+id, Person.class);
		return response.getBody();
	}

	public HttpStatus addPerson(Person person) {
		ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(ROOT_URI, person, HttpStatus.class);
		return response.getBody();
	}

	public void updatePerson(Person person) {
		restTemplate.put(ROOT_URI, person);
	}

	public void deletePerson(Long id) {
		restTemplate.delete(ROOT_URI + id);

	}
}

代码是自解释的,我们根据URI和HTTP方法调用RestTemplate方法,并根据需要传递适当的请求对象。

Spring RestTemplate测试类

现在是测试我们的Spring RestTemplate示例项目的时候了,下面的类展示了如何以Spring的方式使用RestTemplate方法。

package com.journaldev.spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

import com.journaldev.spring.config.AppConfig;
import com.journaldev.spring.config.PersonClient;
import com.journaldev.spring.model.Person;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

		PersonClient client = applicationContext.getBean(PersonClient.class);

		System.out.println("Getting list of all people:");

		for (Person p : client.getAllPerson()) {
			System.out.println(p);
		}

		System.out.println("\nGetting person with ID 2");

		Person personById = client.getById(2L);

		System.out.println(personById);

		System.out.println("Adding a Person");
		Person p = new Person();
		p.setAge(50);
		p.setFirstName("David");
		p.setLastName("Blain");
		HttpStatus status = client.addPerson(p);
		System.out.println("Add Person Response = " + status);

		applicationContext.close();
	}
}

当我针对我的本地设置运行上述程序时,我得到以下输出。

Getting list of all people:
Person{id=2, age=30, firstName='Oksi', lastName=' Bahatskaya'}
Person{id=1, age=30, firstName='Vlad', lastName='Mateo'}

Getting person with ID 2
Person{id=2, age=30, firstName='Oksi', lastName=' Bahatskaya'}
Adding a Person
Add Person Response = 201

下面的图像显示了在执行上述程序之前和之后的Web服务数据库表数据。正如您所看到的,程序输出与示例表数据相匹配。关于Spring RestTemplate示例就是这样,您可以从下面的链接下载该项目。

下载Spring RestTemplate示例项目

参考:API文档

Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/spring-resttemplate-example