Spring Boot @SpringBootApplication 注解
Spring Boot @SpringBootApplication 注解用于标记一个配置类，该类声明了一个或多个 @Bean 方法，并触发 自动配置 和组件扫描。这等同于声明一个带有@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration 和 @ComponentScan 注解的类。
Spring Boot SpringApplication 类
Spring Boot SpringApplication 类用于从 Java 主方法引导和启动 Spring 应用程序。此类会自动从类路径创建 ApplicationContext，扫描配置类并启动应用程序。此类在使用 Spring Boot 启动 Spring MVC 或 Spring REST 应用程序时非常有帮助。
SpringBootApplication 和 SpringApplication 示例
在上一篇关于 Spring RestController 的教程中，我们创建了一个 Spring RESTful Web 服务并将其部署到 Tomcat 上。我们不得不创建 web.xml 和 spring 上下文文件。我们还必须手动添加 Spring MVC 依赖项并管理它们的版本。在这里，我们将更改项目以作为 Spring Boot 应用程序运行，并摆脱配置文件。这将有助于快速测试我们的应用逻辑，因为我们不必手动构建和部署项目到外部 Tomcat 服务器。
您应该从我们的 GitHub 存储库 检出现有项目，在接下来的部分中，我们将对项目文件进行必要的更改。
以下图片显示了我们的最终项目结构。
添加Spring Boot Maven依赖项
第一步是清理pom.xml文件并为Spring Boot进行配置。由于这是一个REST Web服务，我们只需要spring-boot-starter-web依赖项。但是，我们必须保留JAXB依赖项，因为我们正在运行Java 10，并且我们也希望支持XML请求和响应。我们还需要添加spring-boot-maven-plugin插件，该插件使我们能够将我们的简单Java应用程序作为Spring Boot应用程序运行。这是我们更新后的pom.xml文件。
<project xmlns="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Spring-RestController</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring-RestController</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>10</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- JAXB for XML Response needed to explicitly define from Java 9 onwards -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.activation-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<!-- added to remove Version from WAR file -->
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
我们可以删除WebContent目录，或者保留它不变，因为它不会被我们的Spring Boot应用程序使用。
Spring Boot应用程序类
现在我们需要创建一个带有主方法的Java类，用@SpringBootApplication注解标记它，并调用SpringApplication.run()方法。
package com.journaldev.spring;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootRestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootRestApplication.class, args);
}
}
只需将类作为Java应用程序运行，它将生成以下输出。 我已经删除了一些我们在这里不关心的记录器。 应用程序将不会退出并将等待客户端请求。
2018-06-18 14:33:51.276 INFO 3830 --- [ main] c.j.spring.SpringBootRestApplication : Starting SpringBootRestApplication on pankaj with PID 3830 (/Users/pankaj/Documents/eclipse-jee-workspace/Spring-RestController/target/classes started by pankaj in /Users/pankaj/Documents/eclipse-jee-workspace/Spring-RestController)
2018-06-18 14:33:51.280 INFO 3830 --- [ main] c.j.spring.SpringBootRestApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-06-18 14:33:51.332 INFO 3830 --- [ main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@38467116: startup date [Mon Jun 18 14:33:51 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-06-18 14:33:52.311 INFO 3830 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-06-18 14:33:52.344 INFO 3830 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-06-18 14:33:52.344 INFO 3830 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.31
2018-06-18 14:33:52.453 INFO 3830 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-06-18 14:33:52.453 INFO 3830 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1127 ms
2018-06-18 14:33:52.564 INFO 3830 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2018-06-18 14:33:52.927 INFO 3830 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/rest/employee/get/{id}],methods=[GET]}" onto public com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.getEmployeeByID(int)
2018-06-18 14:33:52.928 INFO 3830 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/rest/employee/getAll],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.util.List<com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee> com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.getAllEmployees()
2018-06-18 14:33:52.929 INFO 3830 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/rest/employee/create],methods=[POST]}" onto public com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.createEmployee(com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee)
2018-06-18 14:33:52.929 INFO 3830 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/rest/employee/search/{name}],methods=[GET]}" onto public com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.getEmployeeByName(java.lang.String)
2018-06-18 14:33:52.929 INFO 3830 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/rest/employee/delete/{id}],methods=[DELETE]}" onto public com.journaldev.spring.model.Employee com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.deleteEmployeeByID(int)
2018-06-18 14:33:53.079 INFO 3830 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-06-18 14:33:53.118 INFO 3830 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2018-06-18 14:33:53.124 INFO 3830 --- [ main] c.j.spring.SpringBootRestApplication : Started SpringBootRestApplication in 2.204 seconds (JVM running for 2.633)
我们可以从日志中得出一些重要的观点：
- Spring Boot应用程序进程ID为3830。
- Spring Boot应用程序正在端口8080上启动Tomcat。
- 我们的应用程序上下文路径是“”。 这意味着在调用我们的API时，我们不需要提供servlet上下文。
- 记录器打印所有配置的API，参见消息
Mapped "{[/rest/employee/get/{id}],methods=[GET]}"等。
下面的图像显示了我们的Spring Boot应用程序公开的API的调用示例。
SpringBootApplication scanBasePackages
默认情况下，SpringApplication会扫描配置类包及其所有子包。 因此，如果我们的SpringBootRestApplication类位于com.journaldev.spring.main包中，那么它将不会扫描com.journaldev.spring.controller包。 我们可以使用SpringBootApplication scanBasePackages属性解决这种情况。
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.journaldev.spring")
public class SpringBootRestApplication {
}
Spring Boot 自动配置的 Bean
由于Spring Boot提供了自动配置功能，因此会配置许多Bean。我们可以使用下面的代码片段获取这些Bean的列表。
ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(SpringBootRestApplication.class, args);
String[] beans = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for(String s : beans) System.out.println(s);
以下是我们的Spring Boot应用程序配置的Bean列表。
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerProcessor
org.springframework.context.event.internalEventListenerFactory
springBootRestApplication
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.internalCachingMetadataReaderFactory
employeeRestController
employeeRepository
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationPackages
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry
propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration$TomcatWebSocketConfiguration
websocketContainerCustomizer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration$EmbeddedTomcat
tomcatServletWebServerFactory
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration
servletWebServerFactoryCustomizer
tomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer
server-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties
org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBindingPostProcessor
org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata
webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration$DispatcherServletConfiguration
dispatcherServlet
mainDispatcherServletPathProvider
spring.mvc-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration$DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration
dispatcherServletRegistration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration
defaultValidator
methodValidationPostProcessor
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration
error
beanNameViewResolver
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$DefaultErrorViewResolverConfiguration
conventionErrorViewResolver
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration
errorAttributes
basicErrorController
errorPageCustomizer
preserveErrorControllerTargetClassPostProcessor
spring.resources-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter$FaviconConfiguration
faviconHandlerMapping
faviconRequestHandler
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$EnableWebMvcConfiguration
requestMappingHandlerAdapter
requestMappingHandlerMapping
mvcConversionService
mvcValidator
mvcContentNegotiationManager
mvcPathMatcher
mvcUrlPathHelper
viewControllerHandlerMapping
beanNameHandlerMapping
resourceHandlerMapping
mvcResourceUrlProvider
defaultServletHandlerMapping
mvcUriComponentsContributor
httpRequestHandlerAdapter
simpleControllerHandlerAdapter
handlerExceptionResolver
mvcViewResolver
mvcHandlerMappingIntrospector
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter
defaultViewResolver
viewResolver
welcomePageHandlerMapping
requestContextFilter
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration
hiddenHttpMethodFilter
httpPutFormContentFilter
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration
mbeanExporter
objectNamingStrategy
mbeanServer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration$Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizerConfiguration
standardJacksonObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer
spring.jackson-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration$JacksonObjectMapperBuilderConfiguration
jacksonObjectMapperBuilder
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration$ParameterNamesModuleConfiguration
parameterNamesModule
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration$JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration
jacksonObjectMapper
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration
jsonComponentModule
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration$StringHttpMessageConverterConfiguration
stringHttpMessageConverter
spring.http.encoding-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpEncodingProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration$MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverterConfiguration
mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration
messageConverters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration$JacksonCodecConfiguration
jacksonCodecCustomizer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration
spring.info-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration
spring.security-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration
restTemplateBuilder
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration$TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration
tomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration
characterEncodingFilter
localeCharsetMappingsCustomizer
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration
multipartConfigElement
multipartResolver
spring.servlet.multipart-org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartProperties
这是一个很长的列表，有许多我们没有使用的自动配置的Bean。我们可以通过使用@SpringBootApplication注解的exclude或excludeName属性来优化我们的Spring Boot应用程序。以下代码段将禁用JMX和Multipart的自动配置。
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.journaldev.spring", exclude = {
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration.class, org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration.class })
public class SpringBootRestApplication {
}
请注意，如果我们尝试排除任何非自动配置类，我们将收到错误消息，并且我们的应用程序将无法启动。
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.journaldev.spring", exclude = {com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController.class })
public class SpringBootRestApplication {
}
上面的代码段将抛出以下错误：
2018-06-18 15:10:43.602 ERROR 3899 --- [main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication: Application run failed
java.lang.IllegalStateException: The following classes could not be excluded because they are not auto-configuration classes:
- com.journaldev.spring.controller.EmployeeRestController
关于SpringBootApplication注解和SpringApplication示例就介绍到这里。
您可以从我们的GitHub存储库下载最终项目。
Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/springbootapplication-springapplication