Spring验证示例 – Spring MVC表单验证器

教程

Spring

当我们在任何网络应用程序中接受用户输入时，有必要对其进行验证。我们可以使用JavaScript在客户端验证用户输入，但也有必要在服务器端验证，以确保在用户禁用JavaScript的情况下我们正在处理有效数据。

Spring验证

Spring MVC框架默认支持JSR-303规范，我们只需要在Spring MVC应用程序中添加JSR-303及其实现依赖。Spring还提供了@Validator注解和BindingResult类，通过它们我们可以在控制器请求处理方法中获取Validator实现引发的错误。我们可以通过两种方式创建自定义验证器实现 – 第一种是创建符合JSR-303规范的注解并实现其Validator类。第二种方法是实现org.springframework.validation.Validator接口，并使用@InitBinder注解将其设置为控制器类中的验证器。让我们在Spring Tool Suite中创建一个简单的Spring MVC项目，其中我们将使用JSR-303规范及其实现工件hibernate-validator。我们将使用基于注解的表单验证，并根据JSR-303规范标准创建自定义验证器。我们还将通过实现Validator接口创建自定义验证器类，并在其中一个控制器处理方法中使用它。我们的最终项目如下图所示。让我们逐个查看每个组件。

Spring MVC表单验证器

我们最终的pom.xml文件如下所示。除了标准的Spring MVC构件外，项目中还包含了validation-api和hibernate-validator的依赖项。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="https://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.journaldev</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
	<name>SpringFormValidation</name>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<properties>
		<java-version>1.7</java-version>
		<org.springframework-version>4.0.2.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
		<org.aspectj-version>1.7.4</org.aspectj-version>
		<org.slf4j-version>1.7.5</org.slf4j-version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
	<!-- Form Validation using Annotations -->  
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
			<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
			<version>4.1.0.Final</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- Spring -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
			<exclusions>
				<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
					<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- AspectJ -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
			<version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- Logging -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.15</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
					<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>javax.jms</groupId>
					<artifactId>jms</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
					<artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
					<artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- @Inject -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
			<version>1</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- Servlet -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- Test -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.7</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.9</version>
				<configuration>
					<additionalProjectnatures>
						<projectnature>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springnature</projectnature>
					</additionalProjectnatures>
					<additionalBuildcommands>
						<buildcommand>org.springframework.ide.eclipse.core.springbuilder</buildcommand>
					</additionalBuildcommands>
					<downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
					<downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.5.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.6</source>
					<target>1.6</target>
					<compilerArgument>-Xlint:all</compilerArgument>
					<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
					<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
				<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>1.2.1</version>
				<configuration>
					<mainClass>org.test.int1.Main</mainClass>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

部署描述符

当您从STS创建一个Spring MVC项目时，它会生成两个上下文配置文件。我对其进行了整理，只保留了一个Spring bean配置文件。我的最终web.xml文件如下所示。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee https://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
	<!-- Processes application requests -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/spring.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
		
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

Spring Bean配置文件

通常我们最后才查看Spring的配置，但这一次我们在Spring bean配置文件中没有太多的配置。我们最终的spring.xml文件如下所示。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:beans="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		https://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure -->
	
	<!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
	<annotation-driven />

	<!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
	<resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

	<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
	<beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
		<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</beans:bean>
	
	<beans:bean id="employeeValidator" class="com.journaldev.spring.form.validator.EmployeeFormValidator" />
	
	<beans:bean id="messageSource"
		class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
		<beans:property name="basename" value="classpath:message" />
		<beans:property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
	</beans:bean>
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.journaldev.spring" />
	
</beans:beans>

唯一要注意的重点是employeeValidator bean，我们将把它注入到其中一个控制器中，以及messageSource bean，用于从资源包中读取本地化数据。其余的部分是为了支持注解、视图解析器，并提供要扫描的控制器类和其他组件的包。

模型类

我们在这个项目中有两个模型类 – 第一个类中我们将使用JSR-303注解和我们基于自定义注解的验证器，第二个类中我们将仅使用我们的验证器实现。Customer.java 代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.validation.constraints.Max;
import javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Past;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import com.journaldev.spring.form.validator.Phone;

public class Customer {

	@Size(min=2, max=30) 
    private String name;
     
    @NotEmpty @Email
    private String email;
     
    @NotNull @Min(18) @Max(100)
    private Integer age;
     
    @NotNull
    private Gender gender;
     
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="MM/dd/yyyy")
    @NotNull @Past
    private Date birthday;
    
    @Phone
    private String phone;
    
    public enum Gender {
		MALE, FEMALE
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Gender getGender() {
		return gender;
	}

	public void setGender(Gender gender) {
		this.gender = gender;
	}

	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}

	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}

	public String getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}

	public void setPhone(String phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}
	
}

请注意，我们正在使用的@Email，@NotEmpty和@DateTimeFormat注解是JSR-303之外的附加注解，并由Hibernate验证器实现提供。我们正在使用的一些JSR-303注解包括@Size，@NotNull等。@Phone注解是我们基于JSR-303规范的自定义实现，我们将在下一节中详细介绍。Employee.java 代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.model;

public class Employee {

	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String role;
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getRole() {
		return role;
	}
	public void setRole(String role) {
		this.role = role;
	}
	
}

Employee是一个标准的Java bean，我们将使用我们的自定义验证器实现来验证具有Employee bean的表单。

自定义验证器实现

Phone.java 代码:

package com.journaldev.spring.form.validator;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;

@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = PhoneValidator.class)
@Target( { ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Phone {
 
     
    String message() default "{Phone}";
     
    Class<?>[] groups() default {};
     
    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
      
}

大部分是样板代码，用于符合 JSR-303 规范。最重要的部分是 @Constraint 注解，其中我们提供了用于验证的类，即 PhoneValidator。PhoneValidator.java 代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.validator;

import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;

public class PhoneValidator implements ConstraintValidator {

	@Override
	public void initialize(Phone paramA) {
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isValid(String phoneNo, ConstraintValidatorContext ctx) {
		if(phoneNo == null){
			return false;
		}
		//验证格式为 "1234567890" 的电话号码
        if (phoneNo.matches("\\d{10}")) return true;
        //验证带有 -、. 或空格的电话号码
        else if(phoneNo.matches("\\d{3}[-\\.\\s]\\d{3}[-\\.\\s]\\d{4}")) return true;
        //验证带有长度为 3 到 5 的扩展的电话号码
        else if(phoneNo.matches("\\d{3}-\\d{3}-\\d{4}\\s(x|(ext))\\d{3,5}")) return true;
        //验证带有括号 () 中的区号的电话号码
        else if(phoneNo.matches("\\(\\d{3}\\)-\\d{3}-\\d{4}")) return true;
        //如果输入不匹配，则返回 false
        else return false;
	}

}

我们的 JSR-303 规范验证器实现应该实现 javax.validation.ConstraintValidator 接口。如果我们使用一些资源，如 DataSource，我们可以在 initialize() 方法中初始化它们。验证方法是 isValid，如果数据有效则返回 true，否则应返回 false。如果你对正则表达式不熟悉，可以在 Java 正则表达式教程中了解更多。EmployeeFormValidator.java 类的代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.validator;

import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.validation.ValidationUtils;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;

import com.journaldev.spring.form.model.Employee;

public class EmployeeFormValidator implements Validator {

	//该验证器可以验证哪些对象
	@Override
	public boolean supports(Class paramClass) {
		return Employee.class.equals(paramClass);
	}

	@Override
	public void validate(Object obj, Errors errors) {
		ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmptyOrWhitespace(errors, "id", "id.required");
		
		Employee emp = (Employee) obj;
		if(emp.getId() <=0){
			errors.rejectValue("id", "negativeValue", new Object[]{"'id'"}, "id can't be negative");
		}
		
		ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmptyOrWhitespace(errors, "name", "name.required");
		ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmptyOrWhitespace(errors, "role", "role.required");
	}
}

EmployeeFormValidator是专为Spring Framework设计的验证器实现。Spring Framework通过实现supports()方法来了解可以在哪些对象上使用此验证。我们实现validate()方法，并在任何字段验证失败时添加错误。Spring提供了org.springframework.validation.ValidationUtils实用程序类，用于基本验证，如空值或空字符串。一旦此方法返回，Spring框架将Errors对象绑定到我们在控制器处理程序方法中使用的BindingResult对象。注意，ValidationUtils.rejectIfEmptyOrWhitespace()的最后一个参数是消息资源的键名。通过这种方式，我们可以为用户提供本地化的错误消息。有关Spring中国际化的更多信息，请阅读Spring i18n Example。

Controller Classes

我们有两个控制器类，一个用于基于注解的表单验证，另一个用于我们的自定义验证器。CustomerController.java类代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.controllers;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.validation.Valid;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.journaldev.spring.form.model.Customer;

@Controller
public class CustomerController {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
			.getLogger(CustomerController.class);
	
	private Map<String, Customer> customers = null;
	
	public CustomerController(){
		customers = new HashMap<String, Customer>();
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/cust/save", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String saveCustomerPage(Model model) {
		logger.info("Returning custSave.jsp page");
		model.addAttribute("customer", new Customer());
		return "custSave";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/cust/save.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public String saveCustomerAction(
			@Valid Customer customer,
			BindingResult bindingResult, Model model) {
		if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
			logger.info("Returning custSave.jsp page");
			return "custSave";
		}
		logger.info("Returning custSaveSuccess.jsp page");
		model.addAttribute("customer", customer);
		customers.put(customer.getEmail(), customer);
		return "custSaveSuccess";
	}

}

当我们使用基于注解的表单验证时，我们只需在控制器处理方法的实现中做一些小的更改即可使其正常工作。首先，我们需要使用@Valid注解对要验证的模型对象进行注解。然后，我们需要在方法中添加BindingResult参数，Spring会负责将其填充为错误消息。处理程序方法的逻辑非常简单，如果存在任何错误，我们将使用相同的页面进行响应，否则我们将重定向用户到成功页面。另一个重要的注意点是我们将“customer”属性添加到模型中，这是为了让Spring框架知道在表单页面中使用哪个模型对象。如果我们不这样做，对象绑定到表单数据将不会发生，我们的表单验证将无法工作。EmployeeController.java类代码：

package com.journaldev.spring.form.controllers;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.Validator;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.journaldev.spring.form.model.Employee;

@Controller
public class EmployeeController {

	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
			.getLogger(EmployeeController.class);

	private Map emps = null;

	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("employeeValidator")
	private Validator validator;

	@InitBinder
	private void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
		binder.setValidator(validator);
	}

	public EmployeeController() {
		emps = new HashMap();
	}

	@ModelAttribute("employee")
	public Employee createEmployeeModel() {
		// ModelAttribute的值应与empSave.jsp中使用的相同
		return new Employee();
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/save", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String saveEmployeePage(Model model) {
		logger.info("Returning empSave.jsp page");
		return "empSave";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/emp/save.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public String saveEmployeeAction(
			@ModelAttribute("employee") @Validated Employee employee,
			BindingResult bindingResult, Model model) {
		if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
			logger.info("Returning empSave.jsp page");
			return "empSave";
		}
		logger.info("Returning empSaveSuccess.jsp page");
		model.addAttribute("emp", employee);
		emps.put(employee.getId(), employee);
		return "empSaveSuccess";
	}
}

为使用自定义验证器，首先我们需要在控制器类中注入它。我们使用Spring bean自动装配来实现这一点，使用@Autowired和@Qualifier注解。接下来，我们需要有一个方法，该方法将以WebDataBinder为参数，我们设置我们要使用的自定义验证器。此方法应该用@InitBinder注解进行注解。使用@ModelAttribute是将我们的bean对象添加到模型的另一种方式。其余的代码与customer控制器实现类似。

表单验证错误消息资源包

现在是时候查看我们的资源包了，其中包含不同类型的消息用于验证错误。message_en.properties文件：

#应用定义的错误消息
id.required=Employee ID is required
name.required=Employee Name is required
role.required=Employee Role is required
negativeValue={0} can't be negative or zero

#当从表单数据转换为Bean失败时要使用的Spring框架错误消息
typeMismatch.int={0} Value must be an integer
typeMismatch.java.lang.Integer={0} must be an integer
typeMismatch={0} is of invalid format

#用于注解的应用消息，{ValidationClass}.{modelObjectName}.{field}
# {0} 是字段名称，其他字段按字母顺序排列，最大值然后最小值  
Size.customer.name=Customer {0} should be between {2} and {1} characters long
NotEmpty.customer.email=Email is a required field
NotNull.customer.age=Customer {0} should be in years

#通用注解类消息
Email=Email address is not valid
NotNull=This is a required field
NotEmpty=This is a required field
Past=Date should be Past

#自定义验证注解
Phone=Invalid format, valid formats are 1234567890, 123-456-7890 x1234

I have provided message key details in the comment itself, so I will skip them here. The only important point to note here is the way messages will be looked up, first key name {ValidationClass}.{modelObjectName}.{field} is looked up and if that is not found then {ValidationClass}.{modelObjectName} is looked up. If that is missing, then finally {ValidationClass} key is looked up. If nothing is found then the default message provided will be returned. Read more about resource messages at Spring Localization Example.

带有表单和错误的视图页面

由于我们使用的是Spring框架验证实现，我们将不得不使用Spring Form标签来获取错误并设置表单Bean和变量名称。我们的custSave.jsp文件代码如下。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib uri="https://www.springframework.org/tags/form"
	prefix="springForm"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Customer Save Page</title>
<style>
.error {
	color: #ff0000;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

	<springForm:form method="POST" commandName="customer"
		action="save.do">
		<table>
			<tr>
				<td>Name:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="name" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="name" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Email:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="email" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="email" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Age:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="age" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="age" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Gender:</td>
				<td><springForm:select path="gender">
						<springForm:option value="" label="Select Gender" />
						<springForm:option value="MALE" label="Male" />
						<springForm:option value="FEMALE" label="Female" />
					</springForm:select></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="gender" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Birthday:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="birthday" placeholder="MM/dd/yyyy"/></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="birthday" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Phone:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="phone" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="phone" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="3"><input type="submit" value="Save Customer"></td>
			</tr>
		</table>

	</springForm:form>

</body>
</html>

commandName="customer" 用于设置表单对象暴露的模型属性的名称。其默认值是“command”，因此我们应将其设置为我们在控制器类中使用的模型属性名称。 springForm:errors 用于在页面渲染时呈现发现的任何错误。 path 属性用于定义要用于数据绑定的对象属性。其余代码是带有一些用于错误消息样式的 CSS 的标准 HTML。我们的 custSaveSuccess.jsp 文件如下。

<%@ taglib uri="https://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="https://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>

<%@ page session="false" %>
<html>
<head>
	<title>Customer Saved Successfully</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
	Customer Saved Successfully.
</h3>

<strong>Customer Name:${customer.name}</strong><br>
<strong>Customer Email:${customer.email}</strong><br>
<strong>Customer Age:${customer.age}</strong><br>
<strong>Customer Gender:${customer.gender}</strong><br>
<strong>Customer Birthday:<fmt:formatDate value="${customer.birthday}" type="date" /></strong><br>

</body>
</html>

如果没有验证错误并且此页面作为响应返回，则显示客户值的简单 JSP 页面。其名称是 empSave.jsp。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib uri="https://www.springframework.org/tags/form"
	prefix="springForm"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Employee Save Page</title>
<style>
.error {
	color: #ff0000;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

	<springForm:form method="POST" commandName="employee"
		action="save.do">
		<table>
			<tr>
				<td>Employee ID:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="id" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="id" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Employee Name:</td>
				<td><springForm:input path="name" /></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="name" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Employee Role:</td>
				<td><springForm:select path="role">
						<springForm:option value="" label="Select Role" />
						<springForm:option value="ceo" label="CEO" />
						<springForm:option value="developer" label="Developer" />
						<springForm:option value="manager" label="Manager" />
					</springForm:select></td>
				<td><springForm:errors path="role" cssClass="error" /></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td colspan="3"><input type="submit" value="Save"></td>
			</tr>
		</table>

	</springForm:form>

</body>
</html>

empSaveSuccess.jsp 文件：

<%@ taglib uri="https://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page session="false" %>
<html>
<head>
	<title>Employee Saved Successfully</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
	Employee Saved Successfully.
</h3>

<strong>Employee ID:${emp.id}</strong><br>
<strong>Employee Name:${emp.name}</strong><br>
<strong>Employee Role:${emp.role}</strong><br>

</body>
</html>

测试 Spring MVC 表单验证应用程序

我们的应用程序已准备好部署并运行一些测试，在您喜欢的Servlet容器中部署它。我正在使用Apache Tomcat 7，下面的图像显示了一些带有验证错误消息的页面。根据您的输入数据，您可能也会收到不同的错误消息。这就是关于使用不同方式进行Spring MVC表单验证并使用资源包来本地化错误消息的全部内容。您可以从下面的链接下载示例项目，并进行更多实验以了解更多。

下载Spring表单验证项目

Source:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/spring-validation-example-mvc-validator