了解为什么‘less’比‘more’命令更快，用于有效的文件导航

教程

More 是一个 *nix 命令行，用于在控制台中显示文件内容。more 命令的基本用法是针对文件运行命令，如下所示：

阅读更多： 学习“cat”和“tac”命令的区别及示例

学习 Linux 的“more”命令

# more /var/log/auth.log
View Contents of auth.log File
Apr 12 11:50:01 tecmint CRON[6932]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 11:50:01 tecmint CRON[6932]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7159]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 11:55:02 tecmint CRON[7159]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:00:01 tecmint CRON[7290]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:00:01 tecmint CRON[7290]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7435]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7436]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7436]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:05:02 tecmint CRON[7435]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:09:01 tecmint CRON[7542]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:09:01 tecmint CRON[7542]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:10:01 tecmint CRON[7577]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:10:01 tecmint CRON[7577]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7699]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7700]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7700]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7699]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
....

另一种使用 more 命令的方式是与其他命令一起使用（管道），例如 cat 命令，如下例所示：

# cat /var/log/auth.log | more
View and Navigate Contents of File

为了逐行浏览文件，请按 Enter 键，或按 Spacebar 键逐页浏览，每页为当前终端屏幕大小。要退出命令，只需按 q 键。

A useful option of more command is the -number switch which allows you to set the number of line a page should contain. As an example display the auth.log file as a page of 10 lines:

# more -10 /var/log/auth.log
Show Only First 10 Lines of File

此外，您还可以使用 +number 选项显示从特定行号开始的页面，如下所示：

# more +14 /var/log/auth.log
Show Only First 14 Lines of auth.log File
Apr 12 12:09:01 tecmint CRON[7542]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:10:01 tecmint CRON[7577]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:10:01 tecmint CRON[7577]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7699]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7700]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7700]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:15:01 tecmint CRON[7699]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:16:01 tecmint mate-screensaver-dialog: gkr-pam: unlocked login keyring
Apr 12 12:17:01 tecmint CRON[7793]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:17:01 tecmint CRON[7793]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:20:01 tecmint CRON[7905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:20:01 tecmint CRON[7905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 12:25:01 tecmint CRON[8107]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (
uid=0)
Apr 12 12:25:01 tecmint CRON[8108]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (

学习 Linux 的“less”命令

与 more 类似，less 命令允许您查看文件内容并浏览文件。more 和 less 之间的主要区别在于 less 命令更快，因为它不会一次加载整个文件，并允许使用页面 上/下 键浏览文件。

可以作为一个独立的命令对文件进行操作，也可以与多个Linux命令一起使用管道来缩小它们的屏幕输出，使您可以滚动查看结果。

# less /var/log/auth.log
# ls /etc | less

您可以通过按下Enter键逐行浏览文件。页面导航可以使用spacebar键进行操作。页面大小由当前终端屏幕大小表示。要退出命令，请键入q键，与more命令相同。

A useful feature of less command is the use of /word-to-seach option. For instance you can search and match all sshd messages from a log file by interactively specifying the /sshd string.

View File Content Using less Command

为了显示从特定行号开始的文件，请使用以下语法：

# less +5 /var/log/auth.log

如果需要使用less命令跟踪每一行的行号，请使用-N选项。

# less -N /var/log/daemon.log
Show Number for Every Line in File
      1 Apr 12 11:50:01 tecmint CRON[6932]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
      2 Apr 12 11:50:01 tecmint CRON[6932]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
      3 Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7159]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
      4 Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
      5 Apr 12 11:55:01 tecmint CRON[7160]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
      6 Apr 12 11:55:02 tecmint CRON[7159]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
      7 Apr 12 12:00:01 tecmint CRON[7290]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
      8 Apr 12 12:00:01 tecmint CRON[7290]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
      9 Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7435]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
     10 Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7436]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
     11 Apr 12 12:05:01 tecmint CRON[7436]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root

默认情况下，退出less命令的唯一方法是按下q键。要更改此行为并在到达文件末尾时自动退出文件，请使用-e或-E选项：

# less -e /var/log/auth.log
# less -E /var/log/auth.log

要在第一个匹配的模式处打开文件，请使用以下语法：

# less +/sshd /var/log/auth.log
Show Given Matching String in File
Apr 12 16:19:39 tecmint sshd[16666]: Accepted password for tecmint from 192.168.0.15 port 41634 ssh2
Apr 12 16:19:39 tecmint sshd[16666]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user tecmint by (uid=0)
Apr 12 16:19:39 tecmint systemd-logind[954]: New session 1 of user tecmint.
Apr 12 16:19:48 tecmint sshd[16728]: Received disconnect from 192.168.0.15: 11: disconnected by user
Apr 12 16:19:48 tecmint sshd[16666]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user tecmint
Apr 12 16:20:01 tecmint CRON[16799]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 16:20:02 tecmint CRON[16799]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Apr 12 16:25:01 tecmint CRON[17026]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
Apr 12 16:25:01 tecmint CRON[17025]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)

上述命令告诉less在第一个匹配sshd字符串的位置打开auth.log文件。

为了在less命令中自动追加打开文件的内容，请使用Shift+f键组合或以以下语法运行less。

# less +F /var/log/syslog

这使得less在交互模式下运行（实时）并在等待写入文件的新数据时实时显示新内容。这个行为类似于tail -f命令。

通过结合模式，您可以使用Shift+f键实时观看日志文件，同时匹配关键字。要退出实时模式，只需按下Ctrl+c键。

# less +/CRON /var/log/syslog

无论您决定使用more还是less，这是一个个人选择，记住less是带有more特性的更好选择。

阅读更多： 使用head，tail和cat命令有效地管理文件

Source:
https://www.tecmint.com/linux-more-command-and-less-command-examples/