nslookup 是用于测试和故障排除 DNS 服务器（域名服务器）的命令行管理工具。它也用于查询特定的 DNS 资源记录（RR）。大多数操作系统都带有内置的 nslookup 功能。
本文详细介绍了广泛使用的 nslookup 命令。nslookup 可以以两种模式运行： 交互式 和 非交互式。
交互式 模式用于查询 DNS 服务器 关于各种域和主机的信息。 非交互式 模式用于查询有关域或主机的信息。
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1. 查找域名的“A”记录（IP地址）
# nslookup yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
上述命令查询域名www.yahoo.com，使用4.2.2.2公共DNS服务器，下面的部分显示非权威回答：显示A记录的www.yahoo.com
2. 查找反向域名查找
# nslookup 209.191.122.70 Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: 70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
3. 查找特定域名查找
# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
4. 查询MX（邮件交换）记录
# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827307
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
MX记录用于将域名映射到该域的邮件交换服务器列表。因此，它告诉您发送/接收到@yahoo.com的邮件将被路由到邮件服务器。
5. 查询NS（名称服务器）记录
# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827782
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
6. 查询SOA（权威起始）记录
# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
origin = yf1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 1344827965
refresh = 30
retry = 30
expire = 86400
minimum = 1800
7. 查询所有可用的DNS记录
# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com
origin = ns1.yahoo.com
mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
serial = 2012081016
refresh = 3600
retry = 300
expire = 1814400
minimum = 600
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.
Authoritative answers can be found from:
8. 启用调试模式
要启用调试模式，’set debug’将返回详细信息，例如TTL，以下是输出。
# nslookup -debug yahoo.com
> set debug
> yahoo.com
Server: 4.2.2.2
Address: 4.2.2.2#53
------------
QUESTIONS:
yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN
ANSWERS:
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 72.30.38.140
ttl = 1523
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 98.139.183.24
ttl = 1523
-> yahoo.com
internet address = 209.191.122.70
ttl = 1523
AUTHORITY RECORDS:
ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name: yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
在本文中，我们尝试涵盖可帮助您搜索（DNS）域名服务相关信息的nslookup命令。
下一篇文章将是关于Linux dig 命令，它类似于 nslookup。如果你喜欢这篇文章，请与朋友分享，并别忘了通过评论框提供宝贵的反馈。
Source:
https://www.tecmint.com/8-linux-nslookup-commands-to-troubleshoot-dns-domain-name-server/