O SUSE (Software and System Entwicklung (Alemanha) significando Desenvolvimento de Software e Sistema, em inglês) Linux está em cima do Kernel Linux trazido pela Novell. O SUSE vem em dois pacotes. Um deles é chamado OpenSUSE, que está disponível gratuitamente (livre como em discurso e livre como em vinho). É um projeto impulsionado pela comunidade repleto de suporte para aplicativos mais recentes, a última versão estável do OpenSUSE Linux é 13.2.
O outro é o SUSE Linux Enterprise que é uma Distribuição Linux comercial projetada especialmente para empresas e produção. A edição SUSE Linux Enterprise vem com uma variedade de Aplicativos Empresariais e recursos adequados para ambientes de produção, a última versão estável do SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition é 12.
Você pode querer verificar as instruções detalhadas de instalação do Servidor SUSE Linux Enterprise em:
Zypper e YaST são os Gerenciadores de Pacotes para o Linux SUSE, que funcionam em cima do RPM.
YaST que significa Yet another Setup Tool é uma ferramenta que trabalha no OpenSUSE e na edição Enterprise do SUSE para administrar, configurar e configurar o SUSE Linux.
Zypper é a interface de linha de comando do gerenciador de pacotes ZYpp para instalar, remover e atualizar o SUSE. ZYpp é o mecanismo de gerenciamento de pacotes que alimenta tanto o Zypper quanto o YaST.
Aqui neste artigo veremos o Zypper em ação, que estará instalando, atualizando, removendo e fazendo todas as outras coisas que um gerenciador de pacotes pode fazer. Lá vamos nós…
Importante: Lembre-se de que todos esses comandos são destinados a alterações em todo o sistema e, portanto, devem ser executados como root, caso contrário o comando falhará.
Obtendo Ajuda Básica com o Zypper
1. Executar zypper sem nenhuma opção, fornecerá uma lista de todas as opções e comandos globais.
# zypper Usage: zypper [--global-options]
2. Para obter ajuda sobre um comando específico, diga ‘in’ (instalar), execute os comandos abaixo.
# zypper help in
OR
# zypper help install
install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
of <, <=, =, >=, >.
Command options:
--from <alias|#|URI> Select packages from the specified repository.
-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
-t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
Default: package.
-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
-f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
it will not enforce a reinstall.
--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
......
3. Procure por um pacote (digamos gnome-desktop) antes de instalar.
# zypper se gnome-desktop Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done] Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------- | gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package | gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package | gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package | gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
4. Obtenha informações sobre um pacote de padrão (digamos lamp_server) usando o seguinte comando.
# zypper info -t pattern lamp_server Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for pattern lamp_server: ------------------------------------ Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update Name: lamp_server Version: 20141007-5.1 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: openSUSE Installed: No Visible to User: Yes Summary: Web and LAMP Server Description: Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL, and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl. Contents: S | Name | Type | Dependency --+-------------------------------+---------+----------- | apache2-mod_php5 | package | | php5-iconv | package | i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package | i | apache2-prefork | package | | php5-dom | package | | php5-mysql | package | i | apache2 | package | | apache2-example-pages | package | | mariadb | package | | apache2-mod_perl | package | | php5-ctype | package | | apache2-doc | package | | yast2-http-server | package | | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
5. Para abrir uma sessão de shell do zypper, execute o comando abaixo.
# zypper shell OR # zypper sh zypper> help Usage: zypper [--global-options]
Nota: No shell do Zypper, digite ‘help‘ para obter uma lista de opções e comandos globais.
Gerenciamento de Repositórios do Zypper
Listando Repositórios Definidos
6. Use os comandos zypper repos ou zypper lr para listar todos os repositórios definidos.
# zypper repos OR # zypper lr | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
7. Liste zypper URI na tabela.
# zypper lr -u # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
8. Liste a prioridade do repositório e liste por prioridade.
# zypper lr -P # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
Atualizando Repositórios
9. Use os comandos zypper refresh ou zypper ref para atualizar os repositórios zypper.
# zypper refresh OR # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
10. Para atualizar um repositório específico diga ‘repo-non-oss‘, digite:
# zypper refresh repo-non-oss Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Specified repositories have been refreshed.
11. Para forçar a atualização de um repositório diga ‘repo-non-oss‘, digite:
# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss Forcing raw metadata refresh Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done] Forcing building of repository cache Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done] Specified repositories have been refreshed.
Modificando Repositórios
Aqui, usamos os comandos ‘zypper modifyrepo‘ ou ‘zypper mr‘ para desativar, ativar os repositórios zypper.
12. Antes de desativar o repositório, você deve saber que no Zypper, cada repositório tem seu próprio número único, que é usado para desativar ou ativar um repositório.
Vamos dizer que você quer desativar o repositório ‘repo-oss‘, para desativar primeiro você precisa saber seu número digitando o seguinte comando.
# zypper lr # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
Você vê na saída acima, que o repositório ‘repo-oss‘ tem o número 6, para desativar isso você precisa especificar o número 6 junto com o seguinte comando.
# zypper mr -d 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
13. Para ativar novamente o mesmo repositório ‘repo-oss‘, que aparece no número 6 (como mostrado no exemplo acima).
# zypper mr -e 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
14. Ative a atualização automática e o arquivo rpm ‘caching‘ para um repositório diga ‘repo-non-oss‘ e defina sua prioridade para dizer 85.
# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85) Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
15. Desativar o cache de arquivos rpm para todos os repositórios.
# zypper mr -Ka RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
16. Ativar o cache de arquivos rpm para todos os repositórios.
# zypper mr -ka RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
17. Desativar o cache de arquivos rpm para repositórios remotos.
# zypper mr -Kt RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
18. Ativar o cache de arquivos rpm para repositórios remotos.
# zypper mr -kt RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
Adicionando Repositórios
Você pode usar um dos dois comandos – ‘zypper addrepo‘ ou ‘zypper ar‘. Você pode usar url do repositório ou alias para adicionar o repositório.
19. Adicionar um repositório chamado “http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/”.
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done] Repository 'update' successfully added Enabled : Yes Autorefresh : No GPG check : Yes URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
20. Renomear um repositório. Isso mudará apenas o alias. Você pode usar o comando ‘zypper namerepo‘ ou ‘zypper nr‘. Para renomear ou mudar o alias de um repositório que aparece no número 10 (zypper lr) para upd8, execute o comando abaixo.
# zypper nr 10 upd8 Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
Removendo Repositórios
21. Remover um repositório. Isso removerá o repositório do sistema. Você pode usar o comando ‘zypper removerepo‘ ou ‘zypper rr‘. Para remover um repositório chamado ‘upd8‘, execute o comando abaixo.
# zypper rr upd8 # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done] Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
Gerenciamento de Pacotes usando Zypper
Instalar um Pacote com Zypper
22. Com o Zypper, podemos instalar pacotes com base no nome da capacidade. Por exemplo, para instalar um pacote (digamos Mozilla Firefox) usando o nome da capacidade.
# zypper in MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0 libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0 libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0 libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1 libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0 libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1 libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0 metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0 PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin 128 new packages to install. Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)] Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
23. Instale um pacote (digamos gcc) usando a versão.
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
24. Instale um pacote (digamos gcc) para arquitetura (digamos i586).
# zypper in gcc.i586 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)] Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
25. Instale um pacote (digamos gcc) para uma arquitetura específica (digamos i586) e versão específica (digamos <5.1),
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
26. Instale um Pacote (digamos libxine) do repositório (amarok).
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed: amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4 kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l .....
27. Instale um Pacote (digamos git) usando o nome (-n).
# zypper in -n git Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed: cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl tk xhost The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected: git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement The following package is suggested, but will not be installed: git-daemon 35 new packages to install. Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
28. Instale um pacote usando wildcards. Por exemplo, instale todos os pacotes php5.
# zypper in php5*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
....
29. Instale um Pacote (digamos lamp_server) usando padrão (grupo de pacotes).
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server ading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server The following NEW pattern is going to be installed: lamp_server The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server 29 new packages to install. Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
30. Instale um Pacote (digamos nano) e remova um pacote (digamos vi) de uma vez.
# zypper in nano -vi Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities. Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed: nano nano-lang The following package is going to be REMOVED: vim The following recommended package was automatically selected: nano-lang 2 new packages to install, 1 to remove. Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
31. Instale um pacote rpm (digamos teamviewer).
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed: alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit libz1-32bit teamviewer The following recommended package was automatically selected: alsa-oss-32bit 24 new packages to install. Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ..
Remova um Pacote com Zypper
32. Para remover qualquer pacote, você pode usar os comandos ‘zypper remove‘ ou ‘zypper rm‘. Por exemplo, para remover um pacote (digamos apache2), execute:
# zypper remove apache2 Or # zypper rm apache2 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED: apache2 apache2-prefork 2 packages to remove. After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done] (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
Atualizando Pacotes usando Zypper
33. Atualize todos os pacotes. Você pode usar os comandos ‘zypper update‘ ou ‘zypper up‘.
# zypper up OR # zypper update Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Nothing to do.
34. Atualize pacotes específicos (digamos apache2 e openssh).
# zypper up apache2 openssh Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
35. Instale um pacote (digamos mariadb) se não estiver instalado, se estiver instalado, atualize-o.
# zypper in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
Instale Fontes e Dependências de Compilação
Você pode usar os comandos ‘zypper source-install‘ ou ‘zypper si‘ para compilar pacotes a partir da fonte.
36. Instale pacotes de fonte e compile suas dependências para um pacote (digamos mariadb).
# zypper si mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following source package is going to be installed: mariadb 36 new packages to install, 1 source package. Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
37. Instale apenas a fonte de um pacote (digamos mariadb).
# zypper in -D mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
38. Instale apenas as dependências de compilação para um pacote (digamos mariadb).
# zypper si -d mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues: readline-doc 36 new packages to install. Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
Scripts e Aplicações Zypper
39. Instale um Pacote (digamos mariadb) sem interação do usuário.
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
40. Remova um Pacote (digamos mariadb) sem interação do usuário.
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following package is going to be REMOVED: mariadb 1 package to remove. After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
41. Saída zypper em xml.
# zypper --xmlout Usage: zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments] Global Options ....
42. Gere saída silenciosa na instalação.
# zypper --quiet in mariadb The following NEW package is going to be installed: mariadb 1 new package to install. Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
43. Gere saída silenciosa na desinstalação.
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
44. Concordar automaticamente com Licenças/Acordos.
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
Limpar Cache Zypper e Visualizar Histórico
45. Se você deseja limpar apenas o cache do zypper, pode usar o seguinte comando.
# zypper clean All repositories have been cleaned up.
Se deseja limpar metadados e cache de pacotes de uma vez, pode querer passar –all/-a com zypper como.
# zypper clean -a All repositories have been cleaned up.
46. Para visualizar logs de quaisquer pacotes instalados, atualizados ou removidos através do zypper, são registrados em /var/log/zypp/history. Você pode usar o comando cat para visualizar ou pode usar um filtro para obter uma saída personalizada.
# cat /var/log/zypp/history 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa| ......
Atualize o Suse Usando Zypper
47. Você pode usar a opção ‘dist-upgrade‘ com o comando zypper para atualizar seu Suse Linux atual para a versão mais recente.
# zypper dist-upgrade You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command. Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
Isso é tudo por agora. Espero que este artigo ajude você a gerenciar seu Sistema SUSE e Servidor especialmente para iniciantes. Se você achar que deixei de fora certos comandos (Os humanos erram) você pode nos fornecer feedback nos comentários para que possamos atualizar o artigo. Mantenha-se Conectado, Continue Comentando, Fique ligado. Parabéns!
Source:
https://www.tecmint.com/zypper-commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/