Come convalidare XML contro XSD in Java

Il framework di convalida XML di Java può essere utilizzato per convalidare XML rispetto a XSD in un programma Java. La classe javax.xml.validation.Validator è utilizzata in questo programma per convalidare XML rispetto a XSD in Java.

Convalida XML rispetto a XSD

Ecco i file XSD e XML di esempio utilizzati. Employee.xsd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<schema xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
targetNamespace="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee" 
xmlns:empns="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee" elementFormDefault="qualified">

	<element name="empRequest" type="empns:empRequest"></element>
	
	<element name="empResponse" type="empns:empResponse"></element>

	<complexType name="empRequest">
		<sequence>
			<element name="id" type="int"></element>
		</sequence>
	</complexType>
	
	<complexType name="empResponse">
		<sequence>
			<element name="id" type="int"></element>
			<element name="role" type="string"></element>
			<element name="fullName" type="string"></element>
		</sequence>
	</complexType>
</schema>

Nota che l’XSD sopra contiene due elementi radice e anche uno spazio dei nomi, ho creato due file XML di esempio da XSD usando Eclipse. EmployeeRequest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<empns:empRequest xmlns:empns="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee Employee.xsd ">
  <empns:id>5</empns:id>
</empns:empRequest>

EmployeeResponse.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<empns:empResponse xmlns:empns="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.journaldev.com/Employee Employee.xsd ">
  <empns:id>1</empns:id>
  <empns:role>Developer</empns:role>
  <empns:fullName>Pankaj Kumar</empns:fullName>
</empns:empResponse>

Ecco un altro file XML che non è conforme all’XSD Employee.xsd. employee.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Employee>
	<name>Pankaj</name>
	<age>29</age>
	<role>Java Developer</role>
	<gender>Male</gender>
</Employee>

Ecco il programma utilizzato per convalidare tutti e tre i file XML rispetto all’XSD. Il metodo validateXMLSchema prende XSD e il file XML come argomento e restituisce true se la convalida ha successo, altrimenti restituisce false. XMLValidation.java

package com.journaldev.xml;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class XMLValidation {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
      System.out.println("EmployeeRequest.xml validates against Employee.xsd? "+validateXMLSchema("Employee.xsd", "EmployeeRequest.xml"));
      System.out.println("EmployeeResponse.xml validates against Employee.xsd? "+validateXMLSchema("Employee.xsd", "EmployeeResponse.xml"));
      System.out.println("employee.xml validates against Employee.xsd? "+validateXMLSchema("Employee.xsd", "employee.xml"));
      
      }
    
    public static boolean validateXMLSchema(String xsdPath, String xmlPath){
        
        try {
            SchemaFactory factory = 
                    SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
            Schema schema = factory.newSchema(new File(xsdPath));
            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
            validator.validate(new StreamSource(new File(xmlPath)));
        } catch (IOException | SAXException e) {
            System.out.println("Exception: "+e.getMessage());
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

Il risultato del programma precedente è:

EmployeeRequest.xml validates against Employee.xsd? true
EmployeeResponse.xml validates against Employee.xsd? true
Exception: cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'Employee'.
employee.xml validates against Employee.xsd? false

Il vantaggio dell’utilizzo del framework di convalida XML di Java è che non è necessario analizzare il file e non vengono utilizzate API di terze parti.